{"id":1312,"date":"2015-05-26T14:56:01","date_gmt":"2015-05-26T12:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/?p=1312"},"modified":"2015-06-05T16:26:13","modified_gmt":"2015-06-05T14:26:13","slug":"8-mayis-1945in-bir-de-cezayiri-vardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/?p=1312","title":{"rendered":"8 May\u0131s 1945\u2019in bir de Cezayir\u2019i vard\u0131!"},"content":{"rendered":"

–Lucien Gauthier<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

8 May\u0131s 1945. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kentlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn caddelerinde kurtulu\u015f kutlamalar\u0131 var. \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n sonu, \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n sonu geldi\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Direni\u015f Ulusal Konseyi’nden (CNR) do\u011fmu\u015f yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet var \u015fimdi: De Gaulle\u2019c\u00fcleri, Frans\u0131z Sosyalist Partisi’ni ve Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’ni bir araya getiren bir koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti. Ayn\u0131 8 May\u0131s 1945 tarihinde Cezayir\u2019de de g\u00f6steriler var.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Information<\/a>

Foto\u011fraflar, Information Ouvri\u00e9s’nin 21-17 May\u0131s 2015 tarihli 352. say\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Foto\u011fraflar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmek i\u00e7in \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n.)<\/p><\/div>\n

Cezayir\u2019de, 8 May\u0131s 1945 tarihinde, Mesali Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Cezayir Halk Partisi’nin (PAA) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00fcn kentlerinde y\u00fczbinlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6steriler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. P\u00e9tain rejiminin Vichy h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan hapse at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Mesali Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeni \u201cdemokratik\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan da hen\u00fcz serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle muazzam kalabal\u0131klar Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc talebiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7: G\u00f6sterilerde Cezayir bayraklar\u0131 dalgalan\u0131yor. General De Gaulle\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201cdemokratik\u201d ve \u201canti-fa\u015fist\u201d Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Cezayirlilerin ayaklanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. SP y\u00f6neticileri Fransa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cbirli\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yaparlarken, FKP y\u00f6neticileri de PPA\u2019y\u0131 \u201cfa\u015fist<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cHitlerci Tro\u00e7kistler<\/em>\u201d olarak su\u00e7luyorlard\u0131. Setif\u2019te, Gelma\u2019da ve Herrata\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Frans\u0131z birlikleri halk\u0131n \u00fczerine hedef g\u00f6zetmeksizin ate\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131nda, bu birlikleri desteklemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kitleleri makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfeklerle tarad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bombalad\u0131klar\u0131 katliamda \u00e7ocuklar, kad\u0131nlar ve ya\u015fl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan 45 bin Cezayirli hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Aralar\u0131nda gen\u00e7ler yoktu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o s\u0131ralar gen\u00e7ler Frans\u0131z ordusuna \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve Nazilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Evlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde, her biri ailelerinden bir ya da daha fazla can\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receklerdi. Bu katliam Cezayir tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu, \u00f6zellikle de \u201cDemokratik\u201d bir Fransa \u201cBirli\u011fi\u201d olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hayalini kuranlar \u00fczerinde. Art\u0131k on y\u0131llard\u0131r Cezayir\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015fanlar, \u00fclkede \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131lar.\"mesali<\/p>\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019ya ilk Cezayirli g\u00f6\u00e7men dalgas\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda Mesali Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir grup Cezayirli Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i hareketiyle temasa ge\u00e7erler. Bu temasta Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin kendi haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadelelerden esinlenerek Fransa\u2019daki Cezayirlilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurarlar. \u0130\u015fte bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, 1923-26 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Afrika Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131’n\u0131n (ENA) 1<\/a><\/sup> do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. O y\u0131llarda ENA Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’yle s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir, zira FKP o s\u0131ralar Cezayir\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yana bir tav\u0131r almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak SSCB\u2019nin b\u00fcrokratikle\u015fmesi, Stalin\u2019in zaferi ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal\u2019in tektiple\u015fmesinin bir sonucu olarak FKP eski tavr\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek ve Cezayir halk\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yerine Fransa ile \u201cdemokratik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme\u201dye girme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapacakt\u0131r. Bu, ENA\u2019y\u0131 fa\u015fist olarak niteleyen FKP ile ENA \u00a0aras\u0131ndaki kesin kopu\u015ftur. Fransa\u2019da ENA \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 artar, \u00f6rg\u00fct birka\u00e7 kez la\u011fvedilir, y\u00f6neticileri hapse at\u0131l\u0131r. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda ENA, Fransa\u2019da Halk Cephesi\u2019ni olu\u015fturan \u00f6rg\u00fctler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Halk Cephesi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Cezayir\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddetti\u011finde, bu tav\u0131r, ENA y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in mutlak bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda uzun mahpusluk ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nen Mesali Hac\u0131 binlerce Cezayirli taraf\u0131ndan co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Kuzey Afrika Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131na Cezayir Stadyumu’nda s\u00f6z ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerden bir miktar topra\u011f\u0131 avucuna alarak kitleye \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir: \u201cBu toprak bizimdir ve onu kimseye satmayaca\u011f\u0131z!<\/em>\u201d Bu s\u00f6zler \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca alk\u0131\u015flan\u0131r. Cezayirliler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k istiyorlar, Halk Cephesi vermeyi reddediyor.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halk Cephesi ENA\u2019y\u0131 la\u011fveder ve o da Cezayir Halk Partisi (PPA) ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ba\u015flar. 1937 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Mesali Hac\u0131 ile be\u015f PPA y\u00f6neticisi tutuklan\u0131r. FKP\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck yay\u0131n organ\u0131 L\u2019Humanit\u00e9<\/strong> \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 atar: \u201cCezayir\u2019de alt\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist tutukland\u0131, Fa\u015fizmin uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu tarihten sonra bir\u00e7ok kez tutuklanan Mesali Hac\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla ya tutuklu kald\u0131, ya mahkum oldu ya da genel g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda tutuldu. Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7inde onun tek destek\u00e7ileri, \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki Tro\u00e7kist ve Anar\u015fist militanlar oldu.<\/p>\n

8 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te Mesali Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc talep eden Cezayir halk\u0131, asl\u0131nda kendi kurtulu\u015funu ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyordu. De Gaulle\u2019c\u00fclerle SP ve KP y\u00f6neticilerinin bu talebe verdikleri cevap s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u015fiddet oldu. Bu da temel bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim bundan dokuz y\u0131l sonra Cezayir\u2019in ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu m\u00fccadele 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerinin elinden s\u00f6k\u00fcp ald\u0131. 1 milyon 500 bin Cezayirli kad\u0131n ve erkek \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Cezayir Cumhuriyetinin do\u011fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci kur\u015funlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda canlar\u0131n\u0131 verdiler.<\/p>\n

\"ben<\/a><\/p>\n

  1. ENA; \u00f6nce Cezayir Halk Partisi (PPA), daha sonra Demokratik Haklar\u0131n Zaferi i\u00e7in Hareket (MTLD) ve sonunda da Cezayir Ulusal Hareketi (MNA) adlar\u0131n\u0131 alacakt\u0131r.[↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    –Lucien Gauthier   8 May\u0131s 1945. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kentlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn caddelerinde kurtulu\u015f kutlamalar\u0131 var. \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n sonu, \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n sonu geldi\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Direni\u015f Ulusal Konseyi’nden (CNR) do\u011fmu\u015f yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet var \u015fimdi: De Gaulle\u2019c\u00fcleri, Frans\u0131z Sosyalist Partisi’ni ve Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’ni bir araya getiren bir koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti. Ayn\u0131 8 May\u0131s 1945 tarihinde Cezayir\u2019de de g\u00f6steriler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[78,222,221,217,220,219,53,223],"class_list":["post-1312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-sayi-2-haziran-2015","tag-cezayir","tag-ena","tag-kuzey-afrika-yildizi","tag-lucien-gauthier","tag-mesali-haci","tag-mustafa-ben-muhammed","tag-onsayfa","tag-ppa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1312"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1372,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1312\/revisions\/1372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}