{"id":494,"date":"2014-02-15T20:37:54","date_gmt":"2014-02-15T18:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/yenicms\/?p=494"},"modified":"2014-02-15T20:40:37","modified_gmt":"2014-02-15T18:40:37","slug":"ozyonetim-ve-dayanismaci-ekonomiye-dair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/?p=494","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u00d6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201cDayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 Ekonomi\u201dye dair"},"content":{"rendered":"

— Jean-Pierre RAFFI 1<\/a><\/sup>
\nArjantin, Venezuela, Meksika… Son y\u0131llarda, emek\u00e7ilerin fabrikalar\u0131 i\u015fgal etti\u011fi ve ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla bu fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rneklerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor.
\nBu hareketin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalara, fabrikalar\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 emek\u00e7ilerin verdi\u011fi hakl\u0131 tepkidir. Bu, yok edilmeyi reddeden i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n derinden gelen hareketidir.
\nAncak bu hareket, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bu hakl\u0131 ve derinden gelen hareketi, karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Bu sorunlar, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kendisini savunmak ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere in\u015fa etti\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin tepesinde bulunan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n politikalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor.
\n\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayanan kapitalist sistem, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gittik\u00e7e yok eden bir girdaba do\u011fru \u00e7ekiyor d\u00fcnyay\u0131. Milyonlarca i\u015f, y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015fletme ortadan kalk\u0131yor.
\nGezegenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fclkesi ABD\u2019de, 2000\u2019den 2003\u2019e dek, \u201cimalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u00fccretlilerin say\u0131s\u0131 %16,5 azald\u0131. Bu, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclen en h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f.\u201d<\/i> (MacKinsley Quarterly, say\u0131 1, 2005). 2 milyon i\u015f bu \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Avrupa\u2019da, bizzat Avrupa Birli\u011finin istatistik kurumu Eurostat\u2019\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, \u201c\u015eubat 2005 itibariyle 12,8 milyon erkek ve kad\u0131n i\u015fsiz.\u201d<\/i> Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n sanayisi en geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkesi Almanya\u2019daysa, \u201ci\u015fsizlerin say\u0131s\u0131, son 70 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyi olan, 5,2 milyona vard\u0131.\u201d<\/i> (Financial Times). Gezegenin di\u011fer ucu olan Brezilya\u2019da, on y\u0131lda, \u201c3,3 milyon formel i\u015f ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir i\u015f akdine sahip \u00fccretlilerin toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusa oran\u0131 %59,5\u2019ten %44,7\u2019ye geriledi; resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 %3,4\u2019ten %7,8\u2019e f\u0131rlad\u0131\u201d<\/i> (Jorge Mattoso, O Bresil Desempregado, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Abramo yay\u0131nlar\u0131). Resmi istatistiklerde yer almayan, yani sistemde bir say\u0131 olarak bile g\u00f6z\u00fckmeyen milyonlarca emek\u00e7i ve gen\u00e7 de cabas\u0131.
\nMilyonlarca emek\u00e7iyi ve onlar\u0131n ailelerini sefalete iten bu felakete \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak, kimileri \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201ckooperatifler\u201d \u00f6neriyor. Sadece Brezilya\u2019da 5.000\u2019den fazla i\u015fletme \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201dle y\u00f6netiliyor. \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi\u201d ad\u0131na, ATTAC ve D\u00fcnya Sosyal Forumu bu uygulaman\u0131n en ate\u015fli savunucusu kesildiler.
\nBirinci Porto Alegre Forumu arifesinde, Ocak 2001\u2019de, ATTAC\u2019\u0131n Fransa \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn internet sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan (\u201cKat\u0131l\u0131m, Demokratik \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme ve \u00d6zy\u00f6netim \u00dczerine Uluslararas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Komitesi\u201d imzal\u0131) bir bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi, uygar bir k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye giden yoldur.<\/i>\u201d deniyor. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmeyi \u201cuygar\u201d k\u0131lmak m\u0131? Bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada milyonlarca emek\u00e7inin ve ailelerinin katland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131st\u0131raba \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bu mu olacak?
\n\u201c\u00d6zy\u00f6netim\u201d, \u201ckooperatifler\u201d, \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201d; sermayenin emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kitlesel bi\u00e7imde yok etmesine verilecek yan\u0131t bunlar m\u0131? Bu \u00f6nerilerin, emek\u00e7ileri ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini tehdit eden birer tuzak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerek. Yoksa neden \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi\u201d IMF ya da D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 gibi, sermayenin uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde bu kadar reva\u00e7ta olan kavramlar olsun? Bu makaleyle i\u015fte bu tart\u0131\u015fmaya giri\u015f yapmak istiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Brezilya: \u201cBa\u015fkan Lula; Cipla Ve Interfibra Fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 Millile\u015ftir!\u201d<\/h1>\n

Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n Santa Catarina eyaletindeki Joinville\u2019de kurulu Cipla ve Interfibra fabrikalar\u0131, 24 Ekim 2002\u2019den beri i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f durumda. Patronun iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip, kasas\u0131n\u0131 soyup, vergi ve sosyal prim bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f gibi biriktirdikten sonra terk etti\u011fi fabrikalar\u0131 emek\u00e7iler ele ald\u0131. Emek\u00e7ilerin bu iki fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgali, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisinin (PT) aday\u0131 Lula\u2019n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesine denk gelmi\u015fti. 53 milyon Brezilyal\u0131n\u0131n, yani i\u015f\u00e7iler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, gen\u00e7ler ve kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin, gerici ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 IMF politikalar\u0131n\u0131 sadakatle uygulayan Cardoso h\u00fck\u00fcmetini reddederken, Cipla-Interfibra\u2019n\u0131n 1004 i\u015f\u00e7isi de fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f, se\u00e7im yoluyla ve gerekti\u011finde geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma kayd\u0131yla bir fabrika konseyi belirlemi\u015f ve kendi kontrolleri alt\u0131nda \u00fcretimi tekrar ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nCipla-Interfibra i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin derhal ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru neydi? Janaina Nascimento\u2019nun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tasfiye edilen bir fabrika i\u015fgal edilen bir fabrikad\u0131r \u2013 \u0130\u015fgal edilen bir fabrika millile\u015ftirilen bir fabrikad\u0131r<\/i> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131kta, emek\u00e7ilerin fabrikada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma aktar\u0131l\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

Cipla ve Interfibra i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 1000 i\u015fi korumak i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele, fabrikalar\u0131n i\u015fgaliyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalamazd\u0131. \u0130\u015fgal edilen fabrikalar\u0131n gelece\u011fini de belirlemek gerekliydi. 1000 i\u015fin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc koruyup, sosyal haklardan bir ad\u0131m bile geri atmamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulacak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm neydi? \u0130\u015fgalden sonraki ilk konsey toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan beri Cipla-Interfibra i\u015f\u00e7ileri bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri emek\u00e7ilere kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, h\u00fck\u00fcmetten fabrikay\u0131 millile\u015ftirmesini istemek oldu (…). B\u00f6ylece 1 Kas\u0131m 2002 tarihli konsey toplant\u0131s\u0131, yeni Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan Lula\u2019ya hitaben yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu t\u00fcr bir belgeyi onaylad\u0131.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

E\u011fer bug\u00fcn, bu iki fabrikan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlerle (ki fabrika konseyinin ba\u015f\u0131na se\u00e7tikleri yolda\u015f Serge Goulart\u2019\u0131n hapsedilmesi tehdidi buna dahildir) kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yaysa, bunun nedeni, Lula\u2019n\u0131n iki y\u0131ld\u0131r fabrikalar\u0131 millile\u015ftirmeyi reddetmesidir. Bu ret karar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tar\u0131m reformu bakan\u0131 Miguel Rossetto\u2019nun (kendisi Pablocu Birle\u015fik Sekreteryan\u0131n \u00fcyesidir) topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclere toprak da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 reddetme karar\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmeli. Bu iki reddin nedeni, Lula\u2019n\u0131n ve Rossetto\u2019nun IMF\u2019ye boyun e\u011fmesi, yani mali sermayenin bankalar\u0131na ve di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar\u0131na olan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6demek amac\u0131yla \u201cfaiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7e fazlas\u0131\u201d<\/i>n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6rev bilmeleridir.
\nEvet, Cipla-Interfibra i\u015f\u00e7ileri hakl\u0131: \u0130\u015flerini g\u00fcvenceye alman\u0131n yegane yolu millile\u015ftirmedir. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hukuki tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda da bunu vurguluyorlar:<\/p>\n

31 Mart\u2019ta Joinville\u2019de, Topraks\u0131z K\u00f6yl\u00fcler Hareketi\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201ctoprak reformu ve i\u015fgal edilen fabrikalar\u0131n millile\u015ftirilmesi\u201d<\/i> talepli y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131k toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7iler federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetten acil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm istediler ve 1000 i\u015fin yok edilmesi tehdidini lanetlediler (…). Fabrikalar\u0131n millile\u015ftirilmesi talebini tekrarlayan i\u015f\u00e7iler, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel sekreteri bakan Luis Duli\u2019den randevu talep ettiler; bu randevudaki ama\u00e7lar\u0131, ba\u015fkan Lula, sosyal i\u015fler bakan\u0131 ve ekonomi bakan\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine \u00f6nceden s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi randevuyu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve onlardan hukuki kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istemekti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

(Bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 Komitesi Uluslararas\u0131 Gazetesi\u2019nin 125-126 say\u0131l\u0131, 4 Nisan 2005 tarihli haftal\u0131k b\u00fclteninde mevcuttur.)
\n\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin se\u00e7ti\u011fi bu yol, di\u011fer i\u015fgal edilen i\u015fletmelerde benimsenmi\u015f de\u011fil maalesef. Kimi politik ak\u0131mlar, i\u015ften at\u0131lmaya ve sermayenin iflas\u0131 sonucunda s\u00fcr\u00fcklendikleri sefalete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015f\u00e7ilere millile\u015ftirme m\u00fccadelesini de\u011fil, \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201ckooperatifler\u201d gibi \u00f6nerileri savunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cDayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201d \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm m\u00fc?<\/h1>\n

Arjantin\u2019de Zanon fabrikas\u0131, Venezuela\u2019da Venepal fabrikas\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Viborg kentindeki sel\u00fcloz kombinas\u0131… Bu fabrikalar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, Cipla-Interfibra i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle ayn\u0131 deneyimi ya\u015fad\u0131.
\nArjantin\u2019deki Neuquen kentinde kurulu Zanon fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n

Biz 1 Ekim 2002\u2019de i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131k. O g\u00fcn, sabah 6\u2019da i\u015fe gelirken, gece vardiyas\u0131ndan arkada\u015flarla fabrikan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k. Bize i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fletmenin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Fabrika tekrar kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar ve i\u015fe geri d\u00f6neriz umuduyla orada kalmaya karar verdik.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Viborg kentindeki sel\u00fcloz kombinas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin aktard\u0131klar\u0131ysa \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n

1994\u2019te \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilen fabrikam\u0131z d\u00f6rt defa el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi; her patron ard\u0131nda daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir mali ve ekonomik durum b\u0131rakt\u0131: \u00fcretimde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek faizli bor\u00e7lar, \u00f6denmeyen \u00fccretler… Aral\u0131k 1997\u2019de, fabrikan\u0131n son sahibi (Alcem adl\u0131 \u0130ngiliz-K\u0131br\u0131s \u015firketi) \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fiyi i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fletmeyi basit bir at\u00f6lyeye \u00e7evirece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Derhal, fabrikay\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i denetimine ald\u0131k, \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlendik.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Brezilya\u2019da, Porto Alegre yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kentteki Cooperlo adl\u0131 mezbahan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri, \u201ceski sahipleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015fti; iflas\u0131n nedeni muhtemelen yolsuzluktu…<\/i>\u201d dedikleri i\u015fletmeyi \u00f6zy\u00f6netime ald\u0131lar.
\nBu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 isyan s\u00f6zleridir, haklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in aya\u011fa kalkan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin sesidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin kaderlerini ellerine almak ve kendilerinin ve ailelerinin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayan i\u015flerini kurtarmak i\u00e7in verdikleri bu zorlu aray\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6sterdikleri irade \u015f\u00fcphesiz hakl\u0131; ancak kimi politik ak\u0131mlar bu iradeyi \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcyor.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin ATTAC. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201din ve \u201ckooperatif\u00e7ilik\u201din bir numaral\u0131 savunucular\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte ATTAC\u2019\u0131n Fransa \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130nternet sitesinde, Aral\u0131k 2001 tarihinde, Brezilya: Dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 Ekonomi Ye\u015feriyor<\/i> adl\u0131 yaz\u0131da yazanlar:<\/p>\n

Kentsel ve k\u0131rsal toplumsal hareketler, sendikalar, PT\u2019nin elindeki belediyeler, \u00fcniversiteler, STK\u2019lar, din g\u00f6revlileri: \u0130\u015fte Brezilya\u2019da \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 halk ekonomisi\u201d<\/i>ni geli\u015ftiren akt\u00f6rler. Sadece Rio Grande do Sul eyaletinde de\u011fil [D\u00fcnya Sosyal Forumlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f yeri olan bu g\u00fcney eyaleti o s\u0131rada Birle\u015fik Sekreterya militanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu \u2013 La V\u00e9rit\u00e9], b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dinamik y\u00fckseliyor ve \u201ci\u015fsizli\u011fe kapitalist olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d<\/i> bulmay\u0131 hedefliyordu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ancak bizzat ATTAC \u015funu da diyor: \u201c\u0130flas eden i\u015fletmeleri devralan i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri genelde ciddi zorluklar ya\u015far. Kooperatiflerin gelece\u011fi belirsizdir ve iflas ettiklerine s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r.\u201d<\/i>
\nBu dolayl\u0131 ifadelerle gizlenen ger\u00e7ek, ATTAC\u2019\u0131n Fransa \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda (26 Haziran 2000) al\u0131nt\u0131lanan Viborglu sel\u00fcloz i\u015f\u00e7ilerince \u00e7ok daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir dille ifade edilmi\u015f:<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletme i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hareketimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi (…). Yava\u015f yava\u015f i\u015fletme ciddi bir ekonomik darbo\u011faza girdi, \u00f6yle ki malzeme hatta yak\u0131t tedariki durdu. B\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm n\u00fcfus \u0131s\u0131nmadan mahrum kald\u0131. Hukuki m\u00fccadele bitmek bilmez davalara g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Emek\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda da b\u0131kk\u0131nl\u0131k yay\u0131ld\u0131. 1999\u2019un son d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda \u00fccretler bile \u00f6denmedi. \u0130\u015fletmenin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcyle sendika komitesi aras\u0131nda, hatta hareketin \u00f6nderleri aras\u0131nda, strateji konusunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi: M\u00fccadeleyi derinle\u015ftirmek mi (ama nas\u0131l?), yoksa aksine, i\u015fletmenin sahipleriyle bir uzla\u015fmaya varmak m\u0131? Nihayet, hareketin gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7 yitirmesiyle birlikte, ikinci strateji \u00fcst\u00fcn geldi. Ocak 2000\u2019de Alcem firmas\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131; i\u015f\u00e7iler 500 ruble [yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 euro ya da 25-30 YTL] kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cd\u00fczene geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d<\/i>\u00fc kabul ettiler. Patronlar i\u015fletmenin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc geri ald\u0131lar; kimseyi i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmama, i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00fccret alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deme ve b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fccret ortalamas\u0131na denk bir \u00fccret \u00f6deme taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulundular. Ancak ge\u00e7mi\u015f deneyimlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu taahh\u00fctlerin yerine getirilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir ihtimal. Kald\u0131 ki \u00fcretim h\u00e2l\u00e2 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tekrar s\u00f6yleyelim: Fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden i\u015f\u00e7iler hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama \u015fu soruyu sormam\u0131z da \u015fart: Emek\u00e7ilerin ve militanlar\u0131n \u00f6nce \u015fevkinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, ard\u0131ndan da hepsinin i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131na neden olan, \u015fu \u201ci\u015fsizli\u011fe kapitalist olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d de neyin nesidir?<\/p>\n

Zanon: \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i y\u00f6netiminin bir zaferi\u201d mi?<\/h1>\n

Ger\u00e7ek durum nedir? Arjantin, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce IMF\u2019nin tetikledi\u011fi bor\u00e7 krizi taraf\u0131ndan kas\u0131p kavrulmu\u015ftu. Krizde y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fsiz kalm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn halk sefalete itilmi\u015fti; \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden birinin yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke, yak\u0131nda vizyona girecek olan bir filmde \u201cgezegenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal laboratuar\u0131<\/i>\u201d diye tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor (Ari Lewis ve Naomi Klein\u2019\u0131n The Take<\/i> adl\u0131 filmi). S\u00f6zkonusu Zanon fabrikas\u0131ysa \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyindeki Neuquen kentinde bulunuyor.
\nNuestra Lucha<\/i> adl\u0131 bir sol dergide \u015f\u00f6yle deniyor (30 A\u011fustos 2004):<\/p>\n

Zanon seramik fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler, patronun terk etti\u011fi fabrikay\u0131 ele al\u0131p \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131nca Zanon ismi d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda duyuldu. (…) Fabrikan\u0131n m\u00fckemmel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, k\u00e2r ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bireyleri yok etti\u011fi bir ekonominin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalan milyonlarca i\u015fsize ve emek\u00e7iye yol g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019daki, \u201calternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeci sol\u201dun s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Marx Platformu<\/i> adl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 da \u015funu savunuyor: \u201cZanon, ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesiyle bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil ediyor (…); emek\u00e7iler, ba\u015flar\u0131nda patronlar ya da \u015fefler olmadan, daha iyi ve \u00e7ok \u00fcretim yapman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdiler.\u201d<\/i>
\n\u201cM\u00fckemmel ba\u015far\u0131\u201d m\u0131, \u201cbir \u00f6rnek\u201d mi? Somut verilere bir bakal\u0131m. \u00d6nce \u00f6zy\u00f6netim taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 dinleyelim. Nuestra Lucha<\/i> s\u00f6z\u00fc Zanon\u2019daki komisyonun \u00fcyesi ve \u00fcretim koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc olan Francisco Morillas\u2019a veriyor: \u201cFabrikaya girip i\u015fletmeye ba\u015flatma karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2002 Mart\u2019\u0131nda 331 i\u015f\u00e7iydik. \u00c7e\u015fitli nedenlerle kimi yolda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve 260 ki\u015fi kald\u0131k.\u201d<\/i>
\nDaha ba\u015ftan, Zanon\u2019daki \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda %20\u2019lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Peki bu y\u00fczde, patronlar\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma plan\u0131nda i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i oran\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 e\u015fit de\u011fil mi? Zanon patronlar\u0131 i\u015fletmenin \u201crantabl<\/i>\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015fti. \u015eimdiyse be\u015f i\u015ften biri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve fabrika tekrar \u201crantabl\u201d<\/i> hale geliyor.
\nAncak i\u015f bununla kalm\u0131yor. \u00dccretler, vas\u0131flar ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme gibi meselelere g\u00f6z atal\u0131m: \u201cEskiden bir yanda 530 peso kazanan yolda\u015flar vard\u0131 bir yanda da 1000 ila 1200 peso kazananlar<\/i> [Dikkat ederseniz burada s\u00f6zkonusu olan fabrikadaki \u00fccretlilerin aras\u0131ndaki maa\u015f kademeleridir; yani patron geliriyle i\u015f\u00e7i geliri aras\u0131ndaki fark de\u011fil, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe ve vas\u0131flara denk gelen farkl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerdir. \u2013 La V\u00e9rit\u00e9] Biz herkesin 800 peso \u00fccret almas\u0131na karar verdik.<\/i>\u201d Bu tam da patronlar\u0131n istedi\u011fi \u015fey de\u011fil midir? Bir i\u015f\u00e7inin vasf\u0131yla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fccreti birbirinden koparmak, maa\u015f kademelerini par\u00e7alamak, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri hi\u00e7e saymak? Bu sahte \u201ce\u015fitlik\u00e7ilik\u201d asl\u0131nda, kapitalistlerin i\u015fletmeleri \u201crantabl\u201d hale getirme amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olmuyor mu? Bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan Neuquen\u2019de \u00fcretim yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n

\u00dcretim koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Birinci ay olan Mart 2002\u2019de, 10 bin m3 seramik \u00fcrettik (…). Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndaysa \u00fcretimi 60 bin m3\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k ve fazladan 20 i\u015f yaratt\u0131k; bu i\u015fleri Neuquen\u2019deki \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fsiz \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine sunduk. \u015eubat 2003\u2019te 120 bin m3 \u00fcretim yapt\u0131k ve 30 i\u015f daha yaratt\u0131k. Temmuz 2003\u2019te 160 bin m3 \u00fcretim ve 30 i\u015f daha (…) Aral\u0131k 2003\u2019te \u00fcretim 200 bin m3\u2019e vard\u0131 ve fazladan 20 i\u015f yarat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Peki burada bir \u201cba\u015far\u0131\u201ddan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? \u00d6zetleyelim: En ba\u015fta i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 20 azalmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Mart 2002\u2019den Aral\u0131k 2003\u2019e gelirken, \u00fcretim 10 bin m3\u2019ten 200 bin m3\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f (yani 20 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f); oysa i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 260\u2019tan sadece 360\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f (yani 1,4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f). Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6ylersek, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fcretkenli\u011fi 14 kat artm\u0131\u015f! En ac\u0131mas\u0131z yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bile patronlar bu kadar\u0131n\u0131 beklemez herhalde!
\nPeki ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00fccretler nas\u0131l bir seyir izlemi\u015f? Ayn\u0131 yaz\u0131ya g\u00f6re, sonradan i\u015fe al\u0131nanlar\u0131n \u00fccreti 800 peso\u2019da kal\u0131rken, eskilere 200 peso zam yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; demek ki, en vas\u0131fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretleri \u00f6nceki 1000-1200 pesoluk \u00fccretlerine ancak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ya da onun alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f. Tabii bu d\u00f6nemki enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131 hesaba dahil etmiyoruz bile.
\nBa\u015fka bir ifadeyle: \u00dcretti\u011fi 1 m3 seramik ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nceden 8 ila 12 santim peso kazanan bir Zanon i\u015f\u00e7isi art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca 0,4 ila 0,5 santim kazan\u0131yor! Yani yirmi kat daha az!
\nPatronlar\u0131n ve hissedarlar\u0131n \u201cba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de ayn\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131z \u201ctedavi\u201dye ba\u015fvurmaz m\u0131: Yo\u011fun i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar, maa\u015f kademelerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, \u00fccretlerin zorla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u00fcretkenli\u011fin m\u00fcthi\u015f bir h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131…
\nBuna emek\u00e7iler ad\u0131na bir \u201cba\u015far\u0131\u201d denebilir mi?<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sendikalara ne oluyor?<\/h1>\n

Fakat i\u015f bununla da kalm\u0131yor. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131na ne oluyor?
\n\u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, yukar\u0131da al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131larda sendika laf\u0131n\u0131n bile ge\u00e7memesi. En aktif sendika militanlar\u0131 \u00f6zy\u00f6netim s\u00fcrecinde \u201c\u00fcretim koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/i>\u201d veya \u201cidareci<\/i>\u201d haline geldikten sonra, emek\u00e7ilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir mi h\u00e2l\u00e2?<\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6rnek: Venepal.<\/h2>\n

Venepal Venezuela\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u011f\u0131t fabrikas\u0131d\u0131r. Fabrikan\u0131n patronlar\u0131, Chavez h\u00fck\u00fcmetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ama\u00e7l\u0131 ekonomik bir sabotaj olarak fabrikay\u0131 terk ettiler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgal etti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetten fabrika y\u00f6netimini devralmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Ge\u00e7en Ocak ay\u0131nda, Chavez h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bir kararname yay\u0131nlayarak i\u015fletmenin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu, emek\u00e7ilerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ve taleplerine uygun, ilerici bir uygulamayd\u0131. IV. Enternasyonal olarak biz de bu uygulamay\u0131 ko\u015fulsuz destekledik; Chavez\u2019in tar\u0131m arazilerini kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ve topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclere da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 destekledi\u011fimiz gibi.
\nAncak, Venezuela h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u015fletmeyi millile\u015ftirmek yerine \u201cortak y\u00f6netilen bir i\u015fletme\u201d haline getirece\u011fini ve i\u015fletmenin yaln\u0131zca %51 hissesini alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yukar\u0131daki kararnamenin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bakan\u0131, Venepal i\u015f\u00e7ilerine bir \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifi\u201d kurmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fletmenin %49\u2019unu almalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. B\u00f6ylelikle i\u015fletmenin \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, devlet ve kooperatif taraf\u0131ndan \u201cortak y\u00f6netim\u201d usul\u00fcnce y\u00f6netilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.
\nPeki bunun sonucu ne oldu? \u0130\u015fte, ortak y\u00f6netilen i\u015fletmeyi k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ziyaret eden bir yolda\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6zlemleri:<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k i\u015fletmede sendika yok. Bunun nedenini sordum. Sorumlular bana \u015fu cevab\u0131 verdi: Art\u0131k biz \u2018kooperatif\u2019iz, sendikaya ne gerek var ki? Venepal\u2019deki sendikan\u0131n eski y\u00f6neticisi \u015fimdi i\u015fletmenin y\u00f6neticisi olmu\u015f; onu bu g\u00f6reve atayan da \u201cba\u015f hissedar\u201d yani, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca temsil edilen devlet.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Karar\u0131 nas\u0131l ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sordum. Sendikay\u0131 ilga etmek i\u00e7in genel kurulu toplamaya bile gerek g\u00f6rmemi\u015fler. Sendikan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131na kilidi vurmu\u015flar, olmu\u015f bitmi\u015f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Emek\u00e7ilere \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak sunulan bu mu? Emek\u00e7ilerin bundan b\u00f6yle sendikaya ihtiyac\u0131 olmayacak m\u0131? Sendikalar\u0131n rol\u00fc, \u00fccretlilerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fccretlerini ve vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 korumak, i\u015f\u00e7i talepleri temelinde patronlarla pazarl\u0131k yapmak de\u011fil midir? Bu patronun kendi aralar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve devlet taraf\u0131ndan atanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, onun patron oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirir mi?
\n\u201c\u00d6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201ckooperatifler\u201din i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in korkun\u00e7 bir tuzak oldu\u011fu, sendikalar\u0131 kendi kendini ilga etme noktas\u0131na getirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil mi? Her \u00fclkede sermayenin ve onun hizmetindeki g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131 tam da bu de\u011fil mi: Emek\u00e7ilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmak?<\/p>\n

ATTAC: \u201cUygar bir k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye giden yol olarak demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u201d…<\/h1>\n

ATTAC ve \u201calternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u201d yanl\u0131lar\u0131, yukar\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201dnin bir numaral\u0131 savunucusu kesildi. Porto Alegre\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen D\u00fcnya Sosyal Forumlar\u0131 da bunu bir slogan haline getirdiler.
\nATTAC\u2019\u0131n Fransa \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 1 Aral\u0131k 2003 tarihli bir belgesinde (Demokratik, sosyal, \u00e7evreci ve dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir ekonomi kurmak: ATTAC komisyonunun hedefleri<\/i>), komisyonun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc hedefi \u015fu \u015fekilde ifade edilmi\u015f: \u201cATTAC\u2019\u0131n yerel komitelerini ve militanlar\u0131n\u0131, yeni ekonomi ve dayan\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerine kat\u0131lmaya te\u015fvik etmek.\u201d<\/i>
\nBunun ard\u0131ndan yaz\u0131, ATTAC\u2019\u0131n bu ama\u00e7la ortaya koydu\u011fu arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve hedefleri geli\u015ftiriyor. ATTAC\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cliberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/i>\u201dye verilecek ilk yan\u0131t \u201cpiyasa ekonomisinin d\u00fczenlenmesidir<\/i>\u201d; \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201cAncak bu yetmeyecektir. (…) Mevcut de\u011ferleri, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, pratikleri k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirmek de gerekecektir.<\/i>\u201d Ard\u0131ndan ATTAC baklay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor a\u011fz\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n

Piyasaya ve paraya dayal\u0131 ekonomiden ba\u015fka ekonomi t\u00fcrleri de vard\u0131r. G\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinde oldu\u011fu kadar Kuzey \u00fclkelerinde de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan kooperatifler, ba\u015fka bir ekonominin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funun en somut g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu ekonomi, ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u201c\u00e7o\u011fulcu\u201d bir ekonomi olacak, yani piyasa ekonomisi, kamusal ekonomi, toplumsal ve dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi gibi farkl\u0131 ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imleri bir arada varolacakt\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Demek ki, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaos ve y\u0131k\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131 kapitalist sistemi ortadan kald\u0131rmak gibi bir kayg\u0131 yok art\u0131k.
\nHay\u0131r, olsa olsa d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na e\u015flik etmek s\u00f6z konusu olabilir burada. ATTAC ve \u201calternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u201d yanl\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin ve \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201dnin rol\u00fc budur.
\nPeki bu \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ekonomi\u201dnin nihayetinde varaca\u011f\u0131 yer Zanon \u00f6rne\u011fi de\u011fil mi? Zanon patronlar\u0131 i\u015fletmenin rantabl olaca\u011f\u0131ndan umudu kesmi\u015fti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u201cemek maliyeti\u201dnin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ve b\u00f6ylece k\u00e2r oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmiyordu… \u201c\u00d6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ise patronlar\u0131n yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131: \u0130\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 %20 azald\u0131, \u00fccretler donduruldu, sendika ilga edildi ve \u00fcretkenlik 14 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nOcak 2001\u2019deki D\u00fcnya Sosyal Forumunda; Kat\u0131l\u0131m, Demokratik \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme ve \u00d6zy\u00f6netim \u00dczerine Uluslararas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Komitesinin \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi, uygar bir k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye giden yoldur,<\/i>\u201d derken kastetti\u011fi bu mu?
\nATTAC\u2019\u0131n Paris Siyasal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ndeki Demokrasinin yeni alan\u0131: \u0130\u015fletmeler<\/i> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fmada sundu\u011fu \u015fu metne ne demeli:<\/p>\n

\u0130lericiler art\u0131k mevcut kurumlar\u0131 savunmakla yetiniyorlar ve onlar\u0131 muhafazakar olmakla su\u00e7layan neoliberallerin ekme\u011fine ya\u011f s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Oysa, bu savunmac\u0131 konum ger\u00e7ek bir politik proje de\u011fil: Ge\u00e7mi\u015f toplumun ele\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz d\u00fczeni, bug\u00fcn savunmam\u0131z gereken bir ideal haline mi geldi yoksa?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bunu nas\u0131l yorumlamal\u0131? \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015f toplum\u201dda s\u00f6ke s\u00f6ke al\u0131nan kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, haklar\u0131 ve garantileri savunmaktan vaz m\u0131 ge\u00e7elim? Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, i\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc konvansiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 santim santim savunan emek\u00e7ilere, sendika militanlar\u0131na, sendikalara ve partilere, \u201carkaik\u201d damgas\u0131 m\u0131 vuraca\u011f\u0131z? Eski ku\u015faklar\u0131n yo\u011fun m\u00fccadeleler vererek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 terk etmek \u201cmodernlik\u201d mi oldu \u015fimdi?
\nATTAC temsilcileri kendilerine \u015fu soruyu soruyor: \u201c\u0130\u015fletme i\u00e7inde demokrasi, do\u011fru bir ilke midir? (…) Pratikte uygulanabilir mi? \u0130\u015fletmenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atmadan hissedarlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir mi?\u201d<\/i>
\nPeki ama kapitalist sistemde, \u201ci\u015fletmenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d dedi\u011finiz \u015fey, k\u00e2rlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey midir? Patronlar durup usanmadan, \u00fccretlerin, sosyal haklar\u0131n, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdeki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n \u201ci\u015fletmenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fini, yani k\u00e2rlar\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemiyor mu?<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015fletme i\u00e7i demokrasi\u201d mi? Hay\u0131r, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi! Burjuvalar ve proleterler…<\/h1>\n

\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131 bir sistemde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu sistemde temel \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisi \u015fudur: Bir yanda, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ba\u015fka bir m\u00fclk\u00fc olmayan ve hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in bunu satmak zorunda olan bir toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f, yani emek\u00e7iler; di\u011fer yanda burjuvazi, yani \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olan ve emek\u00e7ilerin emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n alan s\u0131n\u0131f.
\nKapitalistler, \u201c\u00fccretli\u201d olarak i\u015fe ald\u0131klar\u0131 emek\u00e7ilerin emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fletir ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan eme\u011fin bir k\u0131sm\u0131na el koyar. Bunun gizemli bir taraf\u0131 yok: Emek\u00e7iler ger\u00e7ekte patronlar\u0131n onlara \u00f6dedi\u011fi \u00fccretten daha fazla \u00fcretim yapar. Her emek\u00e7i bilir ki, i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretmi\u015f oldu\u011fu otomobil par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n, giysilerin, vs.nin de\u011feri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretten \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r (okuyuculara Marx\u2019\u0131n \u00dccret, Fiyat ve K\u00e2r<\/i> adl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc okumay\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz). Patronun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iye vermedi\u011fi ve el koydu\u011fu bu fazla de\u011fere \u201cart\u0131k emek\u201d yani \u201cart\u0131k de\u011fer\u201d denir: Kapitalistin k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 budur. Kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece bu \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisi de mevcut olacakt\u0131r.
\nEmek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in, bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminden kurtulman\u0131n tek bir yolu vard\u0131r: S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi; yani sendikalarda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131f partilerinde bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek, bu sayede s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak ve kapitalistlerden s\u00f6ke s\u00f6ke al\u0131nan kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 kaybetmemek i\u00e7in siyasi iktidar\u0131 ele almak. Bu kesintisiz m\u00fccadelede emek\u00e7iler, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hakk\u0131 ya da garantiyi, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 her bir kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131, en \u00f6nemlisinden (\u00f6rne\u011fin sosyal g\u00fcvenlik) en m\u00fctevaz\u0131s\u0131na dek savunmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eder: Bu sayede, ilerde hakim s\u0131n\u0131f haline gelip, krizdeki kapitalist sistemi y\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ko\u015fullar\u0131 haz\u0131rlarlar.
\nMarx 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

Modern sanayinin geli\u015fimi, zorunlu olarak dengenin kapitalizmin lehine ve i\u015f\u00e7inin aleyhine d\u00f6nmesine neden olur; bundan dolay\u0131, kapitalist \u00fcretimin genel e\u011filimi \u00fccretlerin genel ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek de\u011fil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, yani emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn piyasadaki de\u011ferini en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na indirmektir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Peki bu rejim b\u00f6ylesi bir e\u011filim bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor demek, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 sermayenin dayatmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnmekten vazge\u00e7sin ve kendi durumunu geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in eline ge\u00e7en f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesin demek midir?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

E\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bu direni\u015ften vazge\u00e7se, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz varl\u0131klardan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil bi\u00e7imsiz ve ezilmi\u015f bir k\u00fctleye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir kurtulu\u015f imkan\u0131 kalmazd\u0131.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Adil bir \u00fccret i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadelelerin \u00fccretli emek d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimi umuyorum; \u00fccret zamm\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen bu m\u00fccadeleler, 100 olay\u0131n 99\u2019unda, i\u015f\u00e7inin sadece eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen korumas\u0131na yarar. Kapitalistle bu de\u011ferin fiyat\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pazarl\u0131k da asl\u0131nda eme\u011fin bir meta olarak sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenin par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

E\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, sermayeye kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu g\u00fcndelik m\u00fccadeleyi b\u0131rak\u0131rsa, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu bir hareket yaratma imkan\u0131n\u0131 da kendi eliyle yok etmi\u015f olur.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda ve \u00fccretli emek sisteminin getirdi\u011fi genel k\u00f6lele\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7iler bu g\u00fcndelik m\u00fccadelenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da abartmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Halihaz\u0131rda, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yaratan nedenlere de\u011fil, sadece sonu\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ettiklerini unutmamalar\u0131 gerekir; \u00fccretlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru hareketini durdurabilirler ama ters \u00e7eviremezler. A\u011fr\u0131 kesici alabilirler ama hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u015fekilde iyile\u015ftiremezler. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ufku, sermayenin kesintisiz sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve piyasa dalgalanmalar\u0131 nedeniyle zorunlu olan bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r (…). Bayraklar\u0131na \u015fu devrimci slogan\u0131 yazmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r: \u2018\u00dccretli emek sisteminin ilgas\u0131\u2019\u201d (Marx, \u00dccret, Fiyat ve K\u00e2r<\/i>).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201c\u00dccretli eme\u011fin ilgas\u0131\u201d amac\u0131n\u0131 asla g\u00fctmeyen \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d, \u201ci\u015fletme i\u00e7i demokrasi\u201d, \u201ckooperatifler\u201d vs. gibi fikirlerin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, \u00fccretliyi kendi kendine s\u00f6m\u00fcrtmek de\u011fil mi?
\n\u201c\u00d6z-y\u00f6neti\u015fim Konseylerine Dayal\u0131 \u0130dare\u201d [Management par les conseils d\u2019auto-gouvernance \u2013 \u00c7N.] adl\u0131 \u0130nternet sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan, \u00d6zy\u00f6netim i\u00e7in Elkitab\u0131<\/i> adl\u0131 metinde, a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k \u015f\u00f6yle denmi\u015f:<\/p>\n

Bu ekonomik m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde kooperatifler s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131ramaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kooperatifler bir t\u00fcr \u00f6z-s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc bi\u00e7imi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r; ancak kooperatifte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, bir patrona t\u00e2bi \u00fccretli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan daha avantajl\u0131 bir durumdur.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemle emek\u00e7iler i\u015fsizli\u011fe, yani sermaye taraf\u0131ndan emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn tahrip edilmesine bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulabilir mi?
\nBiz \u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyoruz. Ne \u00f6zy\u00f6netim ne kooperatifler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinden kurtarabilir. \u201c\u00d6zy\u00f6netim\u201d alt\u0131ndaki i\u015fletmeler de piyasa yasalar\u0131na ve kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yasalar\u0131na t\u00e2bidir. Bu i\u015fletmeler asla yeni bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olamaz. Bu i\u015fletmelerde de \u201cpiyasa yasalar\u0131\u201d ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu yasalar, e\u011fer kooperatifi rekabet yoluyla tamamen ortadan kald\u0131ramazlarsa, onu herhangi bir kapitalist i\u015fletmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrler.
\nGer\u00e7eklere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyleri\u201d, hi\u00e7bir istisna olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Marx\u2019\u0131n Proudhon\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 savunduklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Emek\u00e7ilerin, onlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcren ve ezen bu s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011fi sistemi i\u00e7inde demokrasi alanlar\u0131, haklar ve \u00f6rg\u00fctler in\u015fa etmesinin ve bu \u015fekilde \u201ckendisi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d haline gelip kurtulu\u015fa ilerlemesinin tek bir yolu vard\u0131r: S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi vermek ve sendikalarda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z partilerde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek. Alternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fmecilerin, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimcilerin, \u201ci\u015fletme i\u00e7i demokrasi\u201d taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam da bu de\u011fil mi?
\nBu anlamda onlar, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k tarihindeki eski anar\u015fist, reformist, devrimci ak\u0131mlar\u0131n ya da Proudhon\u2019un miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bile de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ak\u0131mlar, farkl\u0131 tarzlarda da olsa, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kurtulu\u015funun kendi eserleri olaca\u011f\u0131 fikrini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini benimsiyordu. Hepsi de iki kar\u015f\u0131t s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yan\u0131nda saf tutuyordu. Hepsi de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6rg\u00fctleri u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele veriyordu. Hepsi \u201ckom\u00fcnotarizm\u201d denen ideolojiyi, yani b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n yava\u015f yava\u015f sivil toplum i\u00e7inde eriyip gidece\u011fi fikrini reddediyordu….
\n\u201cAlternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d ve \u201ckooperatif\u00e7ilik\u201d taraftarlar\u0131ysa, ideolojik, politik ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel olarak bamba\u015fka bir konumda bulunuyor ve bunu da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yleyse, \u201chem devrimci hem de reformist \u00e7izginin kendini hapsetti\u011fi devlet iktidar\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dndan vaz m\u0131 ge\u00e7meli?<\/h1>\n

Meksika\u2019daki s\u00f6zde Zapatistalar 2<\/a><\/sup> da bu alternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeci k\u00fcmenin par\u00e7as\u0131. Ellerindeki Chiapas topraklar\u0131nda bir \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim projesi\u201d olan \u201cZapatista karakollar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 uyguluyorlar. Pablo Gonzalez Casanova, Memoria<\/i> adl\u0131 Meksika dergisinde (say\u0131 177, Kas\u0131m 2003) bu projeyi \u015f\u00f6yle betimliyor:<\/p>\n

Bu proje, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin hem devrimci hem de reformist \u00e7izgilerin kendini hapsetti\u011fi \u201cdevlet iktidar\u0131\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulu olmayan bir iktidar projesidir. Bu mant\u0131k, ister i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, ister ulus, ister yurtta\u015flar olsun, ana devrimci g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu yeni projeyse, anar\u015fist ve liberterlerin savundu\u011fu t\u00fcrden bir toplum yaratma mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na da dayanmaz (…). Aksine bu fikir, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi \u00fczerine kuran sivil toplumun \u00f6z-y\u00f6netimi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu \u00f6zy\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hedefi de, \u201c\u00c7e\u015fitli topluluklar\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131n\u0131 birer \u00f6zerk yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, bunlar\u0131n da birle\u015fip daha geni\u015f b\u00f6lgeler te\u015fkil etmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/i>
\nPeki Meksika ulusunu par\u00e7a par\u00e7a etmek, tam da emperyalizmin hedefledi\u011fi \u015fey de\u011fil mi? Emperyalizm de, NAFTA ve FTAA [Amerika K\u0131talar\u0131 Serbest Ticaret B\u00f6lgesi \u2013\u00c7N.] gibi projelerle, ya da hi\u00e7bir hukukun ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cmaquiladora<\/i>\u201d denen serbest sanayi b\u00f6lgeleriyle, Meksika ulusunun ve Meksika halk\u0131n\u0131n 1920\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimle ve ard\u0131ndan 1930\u2019larde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu haklar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor mu: Ulusun birli\u011fi ve siyasi egemenli\u011fi, k\u00f6yl\u00fclere toprak, petrol\u00fcn millile\u015ftirilmesi, herkes i\u00e7in sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve laik e\u011fitim?<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak…<\/h1>\n

Kapitalist sistem t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit eden bir kriz i\u00e7inde; en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc emperyalist g\u00fcc\u00fcn bas\u0131nc\u0131yla, b\u00fct\u00fcn emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler insan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olu\u015fturdu\u011fu her \u015feyi y\u0131k\u0131yor; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesiyle elde etti\u011fi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 (haklar, garantiler, \u00f6rg\u00fctler) yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ulusal \u00e7er\u00e7eveler par\u00e7alan\u0131yor. Buna verilecek, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun yegane politik yan\u0131t, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini, haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak ve geri kazanmakt\u0131r.
\nBu direni\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen sistemi ayakta tutmaya u\u011fra\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geliyor. \u201cAlternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fme yanl\u0131s\u0131 sol\u201dun elinde, \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201d, yukar\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve onun \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine do\u011frultulmu\u015f bir silaht\u0131r. Bu silah\u0131n i\u015flevi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak, par\u00e7alamak, bireylere ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak; proletaryan\u0131n politik bilincine, politik birli\u011fine, iktidar m\u00fccadelesine temelden kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmakt\u0131r.
\nDevrimci partinin in\u015fas\u0131 ve IV. Enternasyonalin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadeleler, bu hedeflere y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcn militan faaliyeti belirlemelidir. Bu m\u00fccadeleler de, proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinden, bu s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahaleden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z varolamaz. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadeyle, devrimci partiyi in\u015fa etmek ve IV. Enternasyonali yeniden in\u015fa etmek, proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131lman\u0131n en y\u00fcksek bi\u00e7imidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu m\u00fccadelenin, \u201c\u00f6zy\u00f6netim\u201de ve savunucular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 teorik ve pratik m\u00fccadeleyi de i\u00e7ermesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. 3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

  1. La V\u00e9rit\u00e9\u2019nin 43. say\u0131s\u0131ndan (Nisan 2005) \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.[↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
  2. Meksika\u2019daki \u201calternatif k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeci\u201d bir politik ak\u0131m olan Zapatistalar \u00fclkedeki 1920 devriminin lideri Emilio Zapata\u2019n\u0131n ismini kullan\u0131yor. Oysa onlar\u0131n aksine, Emilio Zapato\u2019nun politikas\u0131, Meksika halk\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fi ve egemenli\u011fini savunmak, ve bunun \u015fart\u0131 olarak da radikal bir toprak reformu kanal\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipli\u011fi sistemine son verip k\u00f6yl\u00fclere toprak da\u011f\u0131tmakt\u0131.[↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
  3. IV. Enternasyonalin Fransa seksiyonu taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, 1973 tarihli Marksistler ve \u00d6zy\u00f6netim<\/cite> adl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr.[↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    — Jean-Pierre RAFFI 1 Arjantin, Venezuela, Meksika… Son y\u0131llarda, emek\u00e7ilerin fabrikalar\u0131 i\u015fgal etti\u011fi ve ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla bu fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rneklerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. La V\u00e9rit\u00e9\u2019nin 43. say\u0131s\u0131ndan (Nisan 2005) \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.[↩]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-328-say-temmuz-2005"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=494"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}