<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n …. Politikay\u0131 devrimin temel yasalar\u0131na uydurmak gerekir, yani <\/span><\/em>m\u00fccadele halindeki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n hareketine ba\u011flamak. Politika, <\/span><\/em>kendilerini Halk Cephesi veya bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka isimle niteleyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck <\/span><\/em>burjuva gruplar\u0131n y\u00fczeysel kayg\u0131 ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131na teslim edilemez. Devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck direni\u015f \u00e7izgisi en beter ifl\u00e2s \u00e7izgisi haline <\/span>gelir. Burjuvaziden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme korkusu kitlelerden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye <\/span>g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasisinin tutucu \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamak <\/span>i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve devrime ihanet anlam\u0131na gelir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ihtiyat en \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyats\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte \u0130spanya’n\u0131n en d\u00fcr\u00fcst politik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olan merkezci parti POUM’un \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak temel ders budur.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n (L.Tro\u00e7ki, “\u0130spanya Dersleri, Son Uyar\u0131”, Yaz\u0131lar, c.III, s.543\u2013544 ve 551.)<\/span><\/p>\n Tro\u00e7ki’nin “S\u0131n\u0131f, Parti ve \u00d6nderlik” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu makalesi 20 <\/span>A\u011fustos 1940 tarihinde Stalin’in bir ajan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/span>Meksika’daki evinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma masas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan <\/span>tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f iki yaz\u0131dan biridir. Makale her ne kadar \u0130spanya ile <\/span>ilgili de olsa esas itibariyle devrimci partinin \u00f6nemi \u00fczerine evrensel <\/span>bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sunmaktad\u0131r. Tro\u00e7ki bu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f, parti ve \u00f6nderlik <\/span>aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k ve dolay\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011funu, s\u0131n\u0131f ile par\u00ad<\/span>tinin ve parti ile \u00f6nderli\u011fin aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir deter\u00ad<\/span>minizm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi gerekti\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle <\/span>vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Dergimizin bu say\u0131s\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131ya yer vermek is\u00ad<\/span>tememizin bizce \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir di\u011fer nedeni de Tro\u00e7ki’nin s\u0131n\u0131f, parti <\/span>ve \u00f6nderlik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kurarken kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemde sergilenen <\/span>yetkin diyalektik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.Ger\u00e7ekten de s\u0131n\u0131f ile parti kendi <\/span>ba\u015flar\u0131na ve statik olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131nda belirli \u00f6zellikler <\/span>g\u00f6sterirken, \u00f6nderli\u011fin de devreye sokulmas\u0131yla birlikte yeni bir <\/span>nitelik kazanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n \n 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sol Muhalefet’in Bol\u015fevik Parti’den tamamen tasfiye <\/span>edilmesinden sonra Komintern’i b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle eline ge\u00e7iren Stalin, <\/span>Komintern’in Temmuz ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda toplanan 4.Kongresinde <\/span>daha \u00f6nce 3. ve 4. kongrelerde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan “Birle\u015fik Cephe”ye ili\u015fkin <\/span>kararlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nem<\/em> politikas\u0131n\u0131 <\/span>ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu politikaya g\u00f6re sosyalist ve sosyal demokrat par\u00ad<\/span>tiler art\u0131k fa\u015fizmin ikiz karde\u015fi olarak niteleniyor ve bu “sosyal fa\u015fistler”le hi\u00e7bir cephe kurulmayaca\u011f\u0131 il\u00e2n ediliyordu. O s\u0131ralar h\u0131zla <\/span>y\u00fckselmekte olan fa\u015fizmden de daha tehlikeli bir “d\u00fc\u015fman” olarak <\/span>g\u00f6sterilen sosyal demokrat partilere \u00fcye i\u015f\u00e7ilerle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131 <\/span>koparan bu macerac\u0131 taktik Almanya’da fa\u015fizmin iktidara geli\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Avrupa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kom\u00fcnist partisinin de hi\u00e7bir <\/span>m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctmeden fa\u015fizme teslim olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. 1928’den <\/span>Hitler’in iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi 1933 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu politikaya kar\u015f\u0131 <\/span>amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fcten Tro\u00e7ki (bkz. Fa\u015fizme Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele<\/em>, <\/span>K\u00f6z Yay\u0131nlar\u0131) ilk kez bu tarihten sonra Komintern’in art\u0131k iflah olmayaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirerek yeni bir Enternasyonal’in kurulu\u015f <\/span>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu arada ayn\u0131 Komintern’in <\/span>1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan 7.Kongresinde bu kez tamamen sa\u011fa savrularak <\/span>sadece sosyal demokrat partilerle de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda burjuva par\u00adtileriyle de cephe kurulabilece\u011fi sonucuna vard\u0131! \u00dcstelik b\u00f6yle bir <\/span>cephenin burjuva partilerinin \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini onaylayarak. \u0130\u015fte 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda patlak veren \u0130spanyol devrimi <\/span>Komintern taraf\u0131ndan bu “Halk Cephesi” politikas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte <\/span>oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6neme rastlad\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n Tro\u00e7ki \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nem’e ili\u015fkin macerac\u0131 politikalar\u0131n ele\u015ftirisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir anlamda hep i\u00e7eriden<\/em> yaz\u0131yordu. S\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fta <\/span>Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Komintern partileri i\u00e7inde Sol Muhalefeti \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce yenilgiye <\/span>u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Bol\u015fevik-Leninist gelene\u011fin yeniden <\/span>canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyordu. Ancak nazizmin iktidar\u0131na g\u00f6z <\/span>g\u00f6re teslim edilen Alman Proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n dram\u0131 onu bu <\/span>\u00e7abalardan vazge\u00e7irdi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130spanya’ya ili\u015fkin olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span>yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131k seslendi\u011fi kesim Kom\u00fcnist Partiler de\u011fildir. <\/span>\u0130spanya’da Tro\u00e7ki’nin kendine en yak\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fct <\/span>POUM’du (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxista – Birle\u015fik Marxist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi). Bu parti Tro\u00e7ki’nin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taktikler do\u011frultusunda <\/span>hareket etmeyen \u0130spanyol Tro\u00e7kist’lerinin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u0130spanyol Kom\u00fcnist<\/span><\/p>\n Solu ile PCE’den (Partido Comunista de Espa\u0148a – \u0130spanya Kom\u00fcnist <\/span>Partisi) kopan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Blok’unun birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. <\/span>POUM’un kurulu\u015funa tekab\u00fcl eden 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 8 bin dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. POUM \u00f6zellikle Katalonya’da etkin olmakla bir\u00ad<\/span>likte o s\u0131ralar PGE’den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fc. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc <\/span>D\u00f6nem politikas\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerine maruz kalm\u0131\u015f bulunan PCE’nin 1935’teki \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 3 bin ki\u015fiyi a\u015fmamaktayd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu durumda bile <\/span>Tro\u00e7ki POUM’un kurulu\u015funa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi <\/span>merkezi disiplinlerini korumalar\u0131 kayd\u0131yla Sosyalist Parti’ye \u00f6rg\u00fctsel <\/span>giri\u015f yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta Tro\u00e7ki’nin dev\u00ad<\/span>rimci Marksistlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki ilkesel pozisyonlar\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fkili gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcken bu de\u011ferlendirmesinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span>olaylar\u0131n daha sonraki seyrinin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi (ac\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de <\/span>olsa) tarihsel olarak kan\u0131tland\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki’nin bu tavr\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi <\/span>anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131sa da olsa 1936 \u00f6ncesi \u0130spanya’n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin durumundan s\u00f6z etmekte yarar var.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n Evet, bu tarihlerde \u0130spanyol solunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc 2,5 milyon <\/span>\u00fcyeli CNT’yi (Confederaci\u00f3n Nacional de Trabajo – Ulusal \u0130\u015f Kon\u00ad<\/span>federasyonu) kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulunduran FA\u0130 (Federaci\u00f3n Anarquis<\/span>ta \u0130b\u00e9rica – \u0130berya Anar\u015fist Federasyonu) idi. 1936\u20131939 y\u0131llar\u0131 <\/span>aras\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 sava\u015fta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal eden bu anar\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc hissettirebilmek i\u00e7in \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek bile yeterli: \u0130\u00e7 <\/span>sava\u015f \u00f6ncesindeki gerginlik atmosferi i\u00e7inde toplumda, \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir <\/span>kutupla\u015fmaya do\u011fru y\u00f6nelindi\u011fi ve se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lma oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok <\/span>y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fi durumlarda bile, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1934 <\/span>se\u00e7imlerinde FA\u0130’nin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu, \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerinde <\/span>anar\u015fistlerin se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddetmesi nedeniyle oy kullan\u00ad<\/span>mayan se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 % 45’lere var\u0131yordu. \u00dclke solunun ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck politik g\u00fcc\u00fc ise ku\u015fkusuz \u0130spanyol Sosyalist Partisi idi. Bu partinin <\/span>kontrol\u00fcndeki UGTnin (Union General de Trabajadores – Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i <\/span>Birli\u011fi) \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 1,5 milyon i\u015f\u00e7iyi kapsamaktayd\u0131. Gene SP’nin <\/span>say\u0131lan 200 bin militan\u0131 a\u015fan son derece aktif bir gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc vard\u0131: <\/span>JS (Juventud Socialista – Sosyalist Gen\u00e7lik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc). Daha \u00f6nce <\/span>belirtti\u011fimiz gibi PCE o s\u0131ralarda son derece g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fc. Ancak onun da <\/span>SP’ninkiyle k\u0131yaslanmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de olsa aktif bir gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc vard\u0131: JC (Juventud Comunista – Kom\u00fcnist Gen\u00e7lik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc).<\/span><\/p>\n \n \u0130\u015fte soldaki bu yelpaze i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yordu POUM. POUM’un bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Tro\u00e7kistlerle ve do\u011frudan POUM liderli\u011fi ile Tro\u00e7ki aras\u0131ndaki \u015fiddetli tart\u0131\u015fmalar bu t\u00fcrden bir sol b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenme <\/span>ortam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmak durumundad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenmede \u00fczerinde en \u00e7ok durulmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6rg\u00fct de <\/span>ku\u015fkusuz SP’dir. Ger\u00e7ekten de y\u0131llar\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131 reformisti Largo Cabal<\/span>lero \u00f6nderli\u011findeki bu parti ile onun gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda bek\u00adlenmedik bir sola d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. O zamana kadar sosyalizme <\/span>ge\u00e7i\u015fin ancak reformlar yoluyla olabilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren Caballero <\/span>kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Aza\u0148a burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetindeki bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revi <\/span>s\u0131ras\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00fcn projelerinin burjuva devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sabote <\/span>edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine reformcu yolu bir\u00ad<\/span>denbire reddederek, izlenmesi gereken tek do\u011fru yolun bir i\u015f\u00e7i <\/span>iktidar\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak olan sosyalist devrim<\/em> oldu\u011funu il\u00e2n ediverdi. <\/span>A\u015famal\u0131 devrim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na hapsolmu\u015f PCE bir burjuva cumhuriyeti<\/em> i\u00e7in <\/span>m\u00fccadele edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerken SP a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir i\u015f\u00e7i <\/em><\/span>cumhuriyeti<\/span><\/em>‘nin gereklili\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bunun da \u00f6tesinde parti <\/span>i\u00e7ersindeki sa\u011f kanad\u0131 tasfiye etme giri\u015fimlerine h\u0131z kazand\u0131r\u0131rken <\/span>JS’nin o s\u0131ralarda Genel sekreterli\u011fini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan Santiago Carillo<\/span> 9 a\u011fustos 1935’de \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/span><\/p>\n \n Yorulmak bilmez devrimci Tro\u00e7ki’nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Tro\u00e7kistler proletarya <\/span>i\u00e7inde bir e\u011filimin temsilcisidirler. Oysa onlar\u0131n birle\u015fmek istedikleri <\/span>BOC (Bloc Obrer i Cumperol – \u0130\u015f\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Bloku) sadece Katalonya’da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Biz Sosyalist Parti i\u00e7indeki sa\u011f kanad\u0131 tasfiye etti\u011fimizde, bu <\/span>Tro\u00e7kist gruplar, partimize kat\u0131lmay\u0131 nas\u0131l reddedebilirler? (S. Carillo, La <\/em>Batalla<\/span><\/em><\/span>, 11 \u015fubat 1937’de yeniden yay\u0131nlanan konu\u015fma).<\/span><\/p>\n \n \u0130\u015fte Tro\u00e7ki, \u0130spanyol Tro\u00e7kistlerine, bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulun\u00ad<\/span>durarak SP’ye ve onun gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 <\/span>yap\u0131yordu. Ona g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla keskinle\u015fmesi <\/span>s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flamay\u0131 g\u00f6ze ald\u0131racak yeni bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn in\u015fas\u0131na vakit b\u0131rakmayacakt\u0131. Daha do\u011frusu b\u00f6yle bir devrimci Marksist \u00f6rg\u00fct bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ancak bu sol noktaya varm\u0131\u015f bulunan SP ve onun gen\u00e7lik <\/span>\u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7inden dev\u015firilebilirdi. Zaman darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki ba\u015fka bir <\/span>geli\u015fmeye imk\u00e2n tan\u0131m\u0131yordu ve izlenmesi gereken en tutarl\u0131 taktik de bu olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Oysa bilindi\u011fi gibi bu taktik \u0130spanyol Tro\u00e7kistlerinin <\/span>\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi ve sonu\u00e7ta POUM kuruldu. <\/span>Tro\u00e7ki’den ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmekle birlikte s\u00fcrekli devrim teorisini gene de <\/span>savunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren POUM daha sonra burjuva partilerinin <\/span>(Cumhuriyet\u00e7i partiler) \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Halk Cephesi’ne SP ve KP ile <\/span>bitlikte kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu andan itibaren de Tro\u00e7ki taraf\u0131ndan ihanetle <\/span>su\u00e7lanan bir merkezci parti kimli\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc! Bu arada SP, 1936’ya kadar uzanan s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde KP ile anla\u015farak giderek uzla\u015fmac\u0131 bir <\/span>\u00e7izgiye oturdu ve yeniden JSU’yu (Juventud Socialista Unificado -Birle\u015fik Sosyalist Gen\u00e7lik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) meydana getirdi. Bilindi\u011fi gibi <\/span>JS’nin lideri Carillo daha sonra PCE’nin genel sekreterli\u011fine kadar y\u00fckselecekti. POUM’un Halk Cephesi’ne kat\u0131lmas\u0131 onu Stalinistlerin <\/span>\u0130spanya’da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri temizlik hareketlerinden de kurtaramad\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki ile aralar\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen “Tro\u00e7kist” olarak nitelenmekten kurtulamayan POUM militanlar\u0131 \u0130spanya’da <\/span>faaliyet g\u00f6steren GPU ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan katledildiler. Bu <\/span>Moskova’daki b\u00fcy\u00fck temizlikle ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme rastl\u0131yordu. POUM’un <\/span>genel sekreteri Andr\u00e9s Nin, Barcelona’da GPU taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p <\/span>\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde gene GPU taraf\u0131ndan <\/span>y\u00fczlerce Tro\u00e7kist ve POUM’cu ile beraber binlerce anar\u015fist militan da <\/span>katledilmekten kurtulamad\u0131. \u0130spanyol KP’sinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na <\/span>ra\u011fmen bu k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131n GPU taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmi\u015f <\/span>oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ise olduk\u00e7a basittir. SP ile KP Halk Cephesi <\/span>h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde bir burjuva demokratik cumhuriyet i\u00e7in bir araya geldik\u00ad<\/span>ten sonra, bu burjuva demokratik cumhuriyetin tesisi amac\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 <\/span>olarak \u0130spanyol h\u00fck\u00fcmetine tek askeri devlet deste\u011fi Sovyetler <\/span>Birli\u011fi’nden geldi. Sovyet devletinin \u0130spanya’ya askeri yard\u0131m\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a <\/span>KP’nin kitleler nezdindeki itibar\u0131na paralel olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7indeki <\/span>g\u00fcc\u00fc de artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nden gelen silahlar KP <\/span>arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla cumhuriyet\u00e7i burjuvalara ve sosyalistlere sunuldu ancak <\/span>anar\u015fistlerden ve POUM’culardan esirgendi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130spanyol dev\u00ad<\/span>riminin fa\u015fistlere kar\u015f\u0131 en kahramanca savunmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan anar\u015fistler ile POUM’cular bu m\u00fccadeleyi en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde askeri <\/span>donan\u0131mla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek durumunda kald\u0131lar. Onlar bir taraftan Fran<\/span>cocular taraf\u0131ndan ezilirken, di\u011fer taraftan da daha i\u00e7 sava\u015f sona er\u00admeden Stalin’in GPU’su taraf\u0131ndan imha edildiler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n Tro\u00e7ki’nin S\u0131n\u0131f Bilinci<\/em>‘nin bu say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z “S\u0131n\u0131f, Parti ve <\/span>\u00d6nderlik” adl\u0131 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f makalesini sunarken olaylar\u0131n <\/span>yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetledi\u011fimiz arka plan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de olsa vermeyi uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fck.(Daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in, bkz. \u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>, Pierre <\/span>Brou\u00e9 – Emile T\u00e9mime, H\u00fcrriyet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Tarih Dizisi, 1976.) Ayr\u0131ca <\/span>Tro\u00e7ki’nin fa\u015fizm teorisinin sergilendi\u011fi Almanya’da Fa\u015fizme Kar\u015f\u0131 <\/span>M\u00fccadele adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131na da ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z. Ancak Almanya’da Fa\u015fizme Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele<\/em> esas olarak \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nem <\/span>politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirisi \u00fczerine kuruludur. Tro\u00e7ki’nin Komintern’in <\/span>Halk Cephesi politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri ise ne yaz\u0131k ki T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye <\/span>hen\u00fcz \u00e7evrilmemi\u015f bulunan The Spanish Revolution<\/em>, 1931\u20131939 adl\u0131 <\/span>yap\u0131t\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.* <\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n *Ayr\u0131ca bu konuda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Yusuf Barman, \u201c\u0130spanya\u2019da Halk Cephesi\u201d, Onbirinci Tez<\/em>, Say\u0131 7. ve George Orwell, Katolonya\u2019ya Selam<\/em>, Alan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0 …. Politikay\u0131 devrimin temel yasalar\u0131na uydurmak gerekir, yani m\u00fccadele halindeki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n hareketine ba\u011flamak. Politika, kendilerini Halk Cephesi veya bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka isimle niteleyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva gruplar\u0131n y\u00fczeysel kayg\u0131 ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131na teslim edilemez. Devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck direni\u015f \u00e7izgisi en beter ifl\u00e2s \u00e7izgisi haline gelir. Burjuvaziden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme korkusu kitlelerden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, i\u015f\u00e7i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3-say"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":417,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions\/417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pgbsosyalizm.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}